The report presents a review of existing methods for collecting seabird flight height data and their potential to produce flight height distributions that might be used in Collision Risk Models (CRMs). The strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of different methods are identified and sources of measurement and sampling error, uncertainty and bias a...
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Evaluating LiDAR and Other Methods for Avian Flight Hei...
Review on Existing Methods to Collect Flight Height
Evaluating LiDAR and Other Methods for Avian Flight Height
Report of work carried out by the British Trust for Ornithology on behalf of Natural England and the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme. The report evaluates the accuracy and reliability of seabird flight height measurements used in offshore wind farm impact assessments. Trials compared LiDAR-coupled Digital Aerial Surveys, size-based methods, GPS telemetry, and l...
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Validation Report on LiDAR & other methods for avian flight height measurement
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11 Dec 2025